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The estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital
Mačorová, Simona ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Průša, Jan (referee)
Our goal is the estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital. We analyze the effect of education, especially the effect of the share of college graduates in prime-age population (between 25 - 54 years) on the European Union (EU) countries' labor productivity. Here, an important issue is efficiency of tertiary education institutions. We split the ratio of human capital to observe it from different aspects. We compare an effect of lower and upper tertiary educated, by specializations and by gender. The relationship between human capital and labor productivity was found positive though not significant or significant only on 10 % confidence level. The influence of human capital on labor productivity was found very low, in some cases even negative. Assuming that one of the main reasons behind these contra-intuitive results is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, we also run instrumental variable estimation. We found positive and significant on 5 % confidence level relationship between human capital and labor productivity. The influence of larger share of tertiary educated people on labor productivity is more evident after some period of time, in our example after two years. Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, European Union, production...
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Possibility of increasing the efficiency of human capital utilized in a manufacturing company
HERZOVÁ, Nikola
This diploma work is dealing and talking about remuneration system and evaluating the effectiveness of the company Galasport Ltd. (Galasport s.r.o.) for the time period from 2011 to 2015. All data and needed information were obtained from the profit and loss account of the company or material from an interview with employees and management. This work is divided into three sections. Theory, methodology and practice. The theoretical part describes the basic characteristics of human capital, payroll system, motivation and productivity. Data are obtained from the literature. The methodology describes all the necessary formulas for the next application in the practical part. It is the labor productivity, the average monthly wage, labor costs per employee or wage growth and productivity. The formula in labor productivity was calculated from four perspectives. Labor productivity is calculated as a proportion of total revenue or added value to the average number of employees or personnel costs. In practical part the high society is characterized, also is broken down in detail the structure of the employees remuneration system. Consequently they are applied to all formulas that were defined in the methodology. Using the formula of productivity, efficiency was observed in the company. In conclusion, the proposals are designed to maintain and improve the efficiency of employees.
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Analyzing the integration of migrants in the Eurozone: lessons for the EU integration
De Luna Gallardo, Gustavo ; Strielkowski, Wadim (advisor) ; Kameníček, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Economic Studies Bibliographic Record of a an Academic Thesis Title in the language of the thesis (as recorded in SIS) Analyzing the integration of migrants in the Eurozone: lessons for the EU integration Subtitle Translation of the title into English/Czech (as recorded in SIS) Type of the Thesis Master's thesis Author: Gustavo De Luna Gallardo Year 2014 Advisor of the thesis Dr. Wadim Strielkowski, Ph.D. Number of pages 119 Awards Specialization Abstract in Czech Abstract in English Since European Union enables free mobility between its Members States, certain EU countries have become attractive destinations because of the working conditions and/or employment opportunities. As a result, some EU nations have experienced the inflow of large amount of immigrants and disturbances on their labor markets. With regard to this, the concept of Immigration Surplus that proposes that phenomenon of immigration can trigger a process of redistribution of wealth that could enhance the level of production and increase the national income can be applied for analyzing these processes. In addition, research literature suggests that deeper integration of immigrants into host countries can lead to higher levels of economic success. Thus, high levels of...
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The estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital
Mačorová, Simona ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Průša, Jan (referee)
Our goal is the estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital. We analyze the effect of education, especially the effect of the share of college graduates in prime-age population (between 25 - 54 years) on the European Union (EU) countries' labor productivity. Here, an important issue is efficiency of tertiary education institutions. We split the ratio of human capital to observe it from different aspects. We compare an effect of lower and upper tertiary educated, by specializations and by gender. The relationship between human capital and labor productivity was found positive though not significant or significant only on 10 % confidence level. The influence of human capital on labor productivity was found very low, in some cases even negative. Assuming that one of the main reasons behind these contra-intuitive results is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, we also run instrumental variable estimation. We found positive and significant on 5 % confidence level relationship between human capital and labor productivity. The influence of larger share of tertiary educated people on labor productivity is more evident after some period of time, in our example after two years. Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, European Union, production...
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Increasing the effectiveness of the wage system in the enterprise
ŠVÁBOVÁ, Michaela
The principal objective of dissertation was characterized and assessed the existing payroll system in a selected business entity. Several suggestions leading to increase efficiency was made according to the findings resulting from the appreciation The researched subject was the payroll system in Tesco Stores ČR a. s. The analysis of efficiency of human capital was performed to fulfil the stated objective.The analysis consisted in the application of evaluating labor productivity indicators. As well as, selected indicators were compared to the biggest retail chains on the market, that actually include Ahold Czech Republic a. s. a Kaufland Česká Republika v. o. s. Suggestions for change of the payroll system, employees' benefits and evaluation of employees were performed on the basis of the facts consequent from the overall analysis.
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Post China 16: Konkurence pro čínský export
Lang, Vladimír ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Kučera, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis examines the evolution of China's economy and the competitive position of its exports in the international market. The thesis explores whether China is losing its competitive edge in export to the group of developing countries called Post China 16. First chapter identifies macroeconomic variables that significantly influence exports of a specific economy. Second chapter discusses the development of selected economic variables in Post China 16 economies. It studies whether the development of selected variables reveals possible changes in the competitive position of China and selected developing countries. Final part of the thesis develops an econometric model that tests the influence of selected variables on development of exports across several industries of The Post China 16 economies. Results confirm that most of the variables influence exports as the theory predicts and that the influence is higher in some industries than others. However, the model has limitations due to the shortcomings of the data.
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Economic analysis
Pokorný, Martin ; Boukal, Petr (advisor) ; Štamfestová, Petra (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to describe the purpose, content and methods of economic analysis in the theoretical part. The application part continues by application of the theoretical findings to financial statements of ITW PRONOVIA, s.r.o. company of years 2009 to 2014. The most important elements are horizontal and vertical analysis, ratio indicators, DuPont analysis, working-capital analysis, economic value added (EVA), Value and Bankruptcy models and labor productivity analysis.
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Impact of taxation rate on labor productivity across OECD countries
Šmejkal, Martin ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
There are many recent studies which try to explain amount of people's effort on labor market by various determinants. I focus on two sides of labor supply: quantity and quality. Quantity is defined as average hours worked per employed person a year, quality is then GDP per hour worked. The main objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between labor supply and personal income tax rate. My primary hypothesis assumes that higher tax rate leads to lower labor supply (in both dimensions -- quantitative and qualitative). Panel regression has been employed, using data for 20 to 26 OECD countries in period 2001-2010. Final models have been estimated by first differences method, which has been evaluated as the most suitable. Tax rate was qualified as significant determinant only in model of labor quality. But only with important assumption that tax rate includes social insurance contributions.
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Mají kuřáci nižší mzdy?
Nguyen, Nhat Linh ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Špecián, Petr (referee)
This study examines relationship between smoking cigarettes and wage. Studies have found statistically significant wage penalty for smoking cigarettes before (from 3 to 10 %). This study works with cross-sectional data consisting of US residents. The source of the data is The Panel Study of Income Dynamics which was found in 1968. The results in this work suggest 6-10% wage penalty for smoking cigarettes using 3 econometric models. The wage penalty can be caused for example by the health impact of smoking which can affect the productivity of worker. It can be also explained by differences in education between smokers and nonsmokers or by the discrimination of smokers on labor market.
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